解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The skull is distinguished from other parts of the skeleton by its composite construction. The sutures between bony elements provide for interstitial growth of the cranium, but at the same time they alter the transmission of stress and strain through the skull. Strain gages were bonded to the frontal and parietal bone...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1096-8644(200008)112:4<575::AID-AJPA10>3.0
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a part of a research project on molecular variation in Central Africa, we have analyzed 10 microsatellites (CD4, CSFO, D3S1358, D18S51, D21S11, F13A1, FES, TH01, TPOX, and VWA) in the Bamileke and Ewondo from Cameroon and the Sanga and Mbenzele Pygmies from the Central African Republic (a total of 390 chromosomes)....
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1096-8644(200007)112:3<319::AID-AJPA4>3.0.
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large body size has been traditionally seen as the primary dietary adaptation of gorillas, facilitating their consumption of fibrous foods (Schaller ¿1963 The Mountain Gorilla; Watts ¿1990 Int. J. Primatol. 11:21-45). Nevertheless, recent research has emphasized frugivory among western lowland gorillas, as well as the...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(2000)112:2<171::AID-AJPA4>
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have used two modern computerized handheld reflectometers, the Photovolt ColorWalk colorimeter (a tristimulus colorimeter; Photovolt, UMM Electronics, Indianapolis, IN) and the DermaSpectrometer (a specialized narrow-band reflectometer; Cortex Technology, Hadsund, Denmark), to compare two methods for the objective ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(200005)112:1<17::AID-AJPA3
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bone remodeling variables in the rib were analyzed for a skeletal population of medieval antiquity (ca. A.D. 550-1450) from Kulubnarti, in Sudanese Nubia. The skeletal remains are naturally mummified and in an excellent state of preservation. The study sample consists of thin sections from the ribs of 80 individuals, ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(200004)111:4<519::AID-AJPA
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anatomic distribution of the Stafne static mandibular bone defect (SSBD) is extended with a description of a cavitation defect on the buccal ramus of the mandible. The anatomical placement of SSBD thus correlates precisely with the submandibular and parotid salivary glands, and gives further evidence that an incre...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(200003)111:3<425::AID-AJPA
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Movements of forelimb joints and segments during walking in the brown lemur (Eulemur fulvus) were analyzed using cineradiography (150 frames/sec). Metric gait parameters, forelimb kinematics, and intralimb coordination are described. Calculation of contribution of segment displacements to stance propulsion shows that ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(200002)111:2<245::AID-AJPA
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primate molar shapes reflect developmental and ecological processes. Development may constrain as well as facilitate evolution of new tooth shapes, affecting how reliable dental characters are in phylogenetic studies. Much of the genetic machinery of development uses the same genes among different organs, including te...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1096-8644(2000)43:31+<171::aid-ajpa6>3.0.c
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents a comprehensive empirical analysis of the factors affecting growth and psychological development of over 100 infants from birth to age 6 months in the Embu region of Kenya. The analysis was divided into four parts. First, infants' birth weight, and length and head circumference as measured few days...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(200001)111:1<89::AID-AJPA6
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Past studies have shown a consistent association of a specific set of mitochondrial DNA 9 base pair (bp) deletion haplotypes with Polynesians and their Austronesian-speaking relatives, and the total lack of the deletion in a short series of New Guinea Highlanders. Utilizing plasma and DNA samples from various old labo...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199911)110:3<243::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study analyzes the distribution of ten protein genetic polymorphisms in eighteen populations from the most densely inhabited areas of Cameroon. The languages spoken belong to three different linguistic families [Afro-Asiatic (AA), Nilo-Saharan (NS) and Niger-Kordofanian (NK)]. The analysis of variation of allele ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199910)110:2<143::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Nariokotome Homo erectus has an apparent disjunction of inferred age as judged by dental maturity, by epiphyseal closure and by stature, when compared to modern human norms. On this basis, it has been suggested that this fossil hominin differed in its pattern of growth and development from modern humans. In partic...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199909)110:1<81::AID-AJPA7
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 582 individuals (1,164 chromosomes) from two African, eight African-derived South American, five South American Amerindian, and three Brazilian urban populations were studied at four variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) and two short tandem repeat (STR) hypervariable loci. These two sets of loci did not ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199908)109:4<425::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method for estimating the general rate of nonpaternity in a population was validated using phenotype data on seven blood groups (A1A2BO, MNSs, Rh, Duffy, Lutheran, Kidd, and P) on 396 mother, child, and legal father trios from Nuevo León, Mexico. In all, 32 legal fathers were excluded as the possible father based on...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199907)109:3<281::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Farming is among the three most hazardous occupations in modern society and perhaps also held a similar position during the medieval period. The goal of this study was to determine if there is a significant difference in frequencies and patterns of longbone fracture trauma observed between rural and urban activity bas...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199906)109:2<229::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer pair was used to analyze the frequency of insertion of the first described, nonhuman, baboon-specific Alu repetitive element in populations from the Papio hamadryas anubis and the Papio hamadryas hamadryas subspecies, and from a number of anubis-hamadryas hybrids. The Alu...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199905)109:1<1::AID-AJPA1>
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well established that some observed patterns of force production in the primate masticatory system match those predicted by a simplified lever model. This model is also commonly invoked in adaptive explanations of craniodental diversity. However, systematic studies of the predictive power of this model are missi...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199904)108:4<483::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Form can be viewed as a combination of size and shape. Shape refers to the boundary outline independently from its orientation, relation to reference planes, and dimension (or size). Shape and its changes could be quantified by mathematical methods such as the Fourier series. In this investigation, Fourier analysis ha...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199903)108:3<281::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Discovery of a previously unknown Bronze Age civilization (Oxus civilization) centered on the oases of Central Asia revealed the presence of large, preplanned urban centers immediately above sterile soil. Given the absence of local antecedents, the sudden appearance and proliferation of these Oxus civilization urban c...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199902)108:2<173::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A range of variation in percent of oxygen saturation of arterial hemoglobin (SaO2) among healthy individuals at a given high altitude indicates differences in physiological hypoxemia despite uniform ambient hypoxic stress. In populations native to the Tibetan plateau, a significant portion of the variance is attributa...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199901)108:1<41::AID-AJPA2
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sexual dimorphism in primate species expresses the effects of phylogeny, life history, behavior, and ontogeny. The causes and implications of sexual dimorphism have been studied in several different primates using a variety of morphological databases such as body weight, canine length, and coat color and ornamentation...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199811)107:3<243::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent discovery of unexpectedly ancient human remains has fuelled interest about the first dispersion of Homo outside Africa. The Dmanisi mandible is perhaps one of the most interesting findings, as it supposedly represents one of the oldest hominids outside of Africa. Recently, different interpretations have bee...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199810)107:2<145::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence has recently accumulated that the Singa calvaria from Sudan probably dates from Oxygen Isotope Stage 6 (>130 ka). Morphological studies have indicated a mixture of archaic and more modern human traits, but such analyses are complicated by the possibility that the vault is pathologically deformed, although the...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199809)107:1<41::AID-AJPA4
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 5,200-year-old Tyrolean Ice Man discovered in 1991 in the Otztal Alps is the world's most ancient known human glacier mummy. Histological investigation was aimed at 1) optimizing specimen preparation and 2) documenting the preservation state of (sub)cellular components. Minute pieces of frozen tissue were removed ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199808)106:4<521::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hand radiograms for osseographic assessment of bone aging status were taken from more than 7,500 individuals residing in 31 different localities and belonging to 20 ethnic groups. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate possible associations between bone aging parameters and several climatic factors, to wit:...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199807)106:3<349::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The limbic frontal cortex forms part of the neural substrate responsible for emotional reactions to social stimuli. Area 13 is one of the cortical areas long known to be part of the posterior orbitofrontal cortex in several monkey species, such as the macaque. Its presence nevertheless in the human brain has been uncl...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199806)106:2<129::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Morphological measurements were collected from 12 wild and 12 captive mona monkeys (Cercopithecus mona) on the Caribbean island of Grenada. Mona monkeys were introduced to Grenada from Africa approximately 200 to 300 years ago during the slave trade era. Wild monkeys were captured using either 1) a baited treadle-door...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199804)105:4<481::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oliver is an African ape whose species identity has been debated in the popular media and by various scientists since the early 1970s. Although decisive morphological data has never been adduced on Oliver, many reports indicated that Oliver was morphologically unusual for a chimpanzee, particularly in his habitual bip...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199803)105:3<395::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endocrine studies of captive strepsirrhine primates suggest that physical environment and social factors mediate inter-individual variations in testicular function and serum testosterone (sT) in males. While these studies have made major contributions to our understanding of the individual proximate mechanisms influen...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199802)105:2<137::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A controlled study of the relationship of two standard clinical indicators of osteoarthritis and porosity failed to demonstrate a relationship. Porosity appears to be a curiosity that has no clinical correlation and is not a sign of an identifiable rheumatologic disorder. It should be deleted as an identifier for oste...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199712)104:4<529::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proportions of marine vs. terrestrial resources in prehistoric human diets in the southern Mariana Islands (Guam, Rota, Saipan), Micronesia, have been estimated by analysis of stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in bone collagen and of carbon in apatite. The isotopic composition of marine and terrestrial food...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199711)104:3<343::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The low brachial and crural indices of the European Neandertals have long been considered indicative of cold adaptation. Recent work has documented lower limb/trunk ratios and deeper chests (anterior-posterior diameter) in European Neandertals than among their successors. The present study uses variables reflective of...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199710)104:2<245::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comparative endocrine studies have notably advanced understanding of ecological factors that contribute to variation in human reproductive function. Such research has relied on methodological advances that permit hormone determinations in samples that are easily and safely collected, stored, and transported, most rece...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199709)104:1<1::AID-AJPA1>
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies have demonstrated the potential application of computed tomography (CT) in research into bone density. Clinical studies of bone density using CT commonly employ a dipotassium phosphate phantom to calibrate measurements of mineral density. Designed for in vivo studies, the use of this phantom requires th...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199708)103:4<557::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paranthropus is distinctive among hominoids in its possession of a greatly thickened hard palate. Although traditionally considered a structural adaptation to counter high-magnitude masticatory stress, alternative developmental models are equally viable. Three models of palatal thickening were evaluated in this study....
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199707)103:3<375::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Hadar site in Ethiopia is a prolific source of hominid fossils attributed to the species Australopithecus afarensis, which spans the period 3.4-3.0 million years (myr) in the Sidi Hakoma, Denen Dora and lower Kada Hadar Members of the Hadar Formation. Since 1992 a major focus of field work conducted at Hadar has c...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199706)103:2<235::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Body weight and ten body segment measurements were collected from 367 wild-trapped vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) in central and southern Kenya. The animals represent between 70 and 95% of the animals in each of 30 troops at four geographical locations separated by 80 to 380 km. The capture sites differed in ...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199705)103:1<19::AID-AJPA3
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recognition of disease in the archeologic record is facilitated by characterization of the skeletal impact of documented (in life) disease. The present study describes the osteological manifestations of leukemia as identified in the skeletons of two individuals diagnosed during life: a 3-year-old black girl with acute...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199704)102:4<481::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five polymorphisms involving two paternally inherited loci were surveyed in 38 world populations (n = 1,631) to investigate the origins of Native Americans. One of the six Y chromosome combination haplotypes (1T) was found at relatively high frequencies (17.8-75.0%) in nine Native American populations (n = 206) repres...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199703)102:3<301::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::At least 29 species of fossil primates have been referred to fruit, nectar, and/or exudate feeding dietary niches. Many studies have detailed the morphological correlates of fruit feeding in comparison to insectivory and folivory. In contrast, few studies have sought to differentiate the morphological correlates of fr...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199702)102:2<187::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00